Where the facts come from

Then and Now The City Gates. Surviving gates constructed in 1808.

Coquina The Rock that Saved St Augustine. Shell limestone; construction began in 1672; attacks in 1702 and 1740; response to cannon impacts.

Historic Preservation Master Plan 2018. Constitution Monument and the plaza name associated with the Constitution of 1812.

Castillo and Fort Matanzas Junior Ranger Activity Book. National transfers by agreement rather than defeat in battle; transition dates.

Huguenot Cemetery National Register announcement. Protestant public burial ground; closed in 1884.

Our Campus. Cemetery burial period 1821–1884; used with S5.

Historical Virtual Tours. Hotel opening in 1888; winter season; transition to college in 1968.

History. Former Alcazar hotel, completed in 1888; museum address.

Bridge of Lions restoration announcement January 16 2026. Statue removal and seawall project. Confirms a construction risk, not the project’s present completion status.

United States v Huertas 33 US 475 1834. 10,000-acre claim; 1813 concession; 1816 title; 1818 survey; affirmation; ten children and fourteen people held in slavery stated in the petition as recounted by the opinion.

United States v Huertas 34 US 171 1835. Separate 15,000-acre claim; validity upheld with a conforming survey required.

The Second Spanish Period 1784 to 1821. 1783 peace settlement; Spanish period and transition to U.S. rule.

Social Studies 2025. Fifth-grade exploration benchmarks SS.5.A.3.1 to SS.5.A.3.3.

Weather benchmark SC.5.E.7.3. Weather variables; missions address selected observations.

Adaptations benchmark SC.5.L.17.1. Animal and plant adaptations; parent benchmark reproduced on this official export.

What is the North Star and How Do You Find It. Polaris, true north, rotation, and pointer stars.

What are tides. Gravitational effects, high and low tides.

Why Does the Ocean Have Waves. Wind-generated waves and the distinction from tides.

Osprey at Fort Matanzas. Fishing adaptations and feet-first hunting; no sightings promised.

California Brown Pelican. How a brown pelican uses its expandable pouch to scoop fish.

British Attacks on St Augustine. 1702 and 1740 wars, southern supply access, and Montiano’s decision.

Castillo Virtual Junior Ranger. Bastions, construction labor, names, and 1837 escape uncertainty.

The Massacre of the French. 1565 expeditions, hurricane, Seloy, Fort Caroline, and consequences.

St Augustine Town Plan Historic District. 1513 and 1565 chronology, Indigenous land, plaza, and architectural periods.

African Americans in St Augustine 1565 to 1821. Free and enslaved people, Fort Mose, and conditions of freedom.

Adams Onis Treaty 1819 Article VIII. Private grant protection and conditions; distinguish title from sovereignty.

Sir Francis Drake. Privateering, the 1586 attack, and differing English and Spanish perspectives.

The settlement established in 1738 as the first legally sanctioned free African settlement in what is now the United States.